1/2014 - 5 |
Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields Produced by Distribution Electric Power InstallationsCOSTEA, M. , GOLOVANOV, N. , GRINTESCU, I. M. , STANCIULESCU, E.-L. , GHEORGHE, S. |
Extra paper information in |
Click to see author's profile in SCOPUS, IEEE Xplore, Web of Science |
Download PDF (598 KB) | Citation | Downloads: 897 | Views: 4,835 |
Author keywords
electromagnetic field, electrical engineering, human exposure, medical condition, occupational medicine
References keywords
fields(24), magnetic(17), power(13), electromagnetic(13), electric(12), exposure(11), health(7), frequency(7), measurement(5), radiofrequency(4)
Blue keywords are present in both the references section and the paper title.
About this article
Date of Publication: 2014-02-28
Volume 14, Issue 1, Year 2014, On page(s): 29 - 36
ISSN: 1582-7445, e-ISSN: 1844-7600
Digital Object Identifier: 10.4316/AECE.2014.01005
Web of Science Accession Number: 000332062300005
SCOPUS ID: 84894618552
Abstract
The long term effects of electromagnetic fields on the human body are far from being well understood. Special concerns arise if this exposure is relatively prolonged such as in the case of professionals working in electric power installations. In this paper the authors focus on electric power distribution because of the high number of such installations and also their proximity to residential areas. We present the main recommendations and standards regarding the admissible limits and also the procedures applied to assess human exposure in distribution installation workplaces. Theoretical considerations and measured values in typical distribution installations from Romania are presented and discussed. Measurements have shown that, in distribution installations, in terms of limits set by specific regulations, permissible levels are not exceeded for occupational exposure to power frequency fields; only in some points the public exposure limits can be overcome. Medical considerations on short or long term exposure of workers are also discussed, based upon up to date knowledge. |
References | | | Cited By «-- Click to see who has cited this paper |
[1] K. Tanaka, Y. Mizuno, K. Naito, Measurement of power frequency electric and magnetic fields near power facilities in several countries", IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 26, no. 3, july 2011, pp. 1508 1513. [CrossRef] [Web of Science Times Cited 20] [SCOPUS Times Cited 29] [2] R. Voncina, B. Cestnik, "Guidelines for determination and evaluation of low-frequency electromagnetic fields in working areas inside distribution power stations", 18th International Conference and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution, CIRED 2005. [3] G. Mazzanti, "Evaluation of Continuous Exposure to Magnetic Field From AC Overhead Transmission Lines Via Historical Load Databases: Common Procedures and Innovative Heuristic Formulas", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 25, no.1, 2010, pp. 238 247. [CrossRef] [Web of Science Times Cited 5] [SCOPUS Times Cited 8] [4] A.S. Safigianni, C.G. Tsompanidou, "Measurements of electric and magnetic fields due to the operation of indoor power distribution substations", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 20, no.3, 2005, pp. 1000 1005. [CrossRef] [Web of Science Times Cited 40] [SCOPUS Times Cited 56] [5] H. Sakurazawa, A. Iwasaki, T. Higashi, T. Nakayama, Y. Kusaka,"Assessment of exposure to magnetic fields in occupational settings", J Occup Health, 45(2), 2003, pp.104 110. [CrossRef] [Web of Science Times Cited 12] [SCOPUS Times Cited 16] [6] J. Lambrozo, Electric and Magnetic Fields with a Frequency of 50 60 Hz: Assessment of 20 Years of Research", Indoor and Built Environment, 2001, vol.10, pp.295-305. [CrossRef] [7] * * * Directive 2004/40/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, Official Journal of the European Union, Volume 47, L 159, 30 April, 2004 and corrigenda L 184/1, 24 May 2004. [8] * * * Council Recommendation of 12 July 1999 on the limitation of exposure of the general public to electromagnetic fields (0 Hz to 300 GHz) (1999/519/EC), Official Journal of the European Communities no. L 199/59. [9] IEC 50499/2010 - Procedure for the assessment of the exposure of workers to electromagnetic fields. [10] EN 50413/2008 - Basic standard on measurement and calculation procedures for human exposure to electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields (0 Hz - 300 GHz). [11] IEC 62110/2009 - Electric and magnetic field levels generated by AC power systems - Measurement procedures with regard to public exposure. [12] Brochure CIGRE 375/2009 - Technical guide for measurement of low frequency electric and magnetic fields near overhead power lines. [13] Olsen, R.G., Wong, P.S.K., "Characteristics of low frequency electric and magnetic fields in the vicinity of electric power lines", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 7, no.4, 1992, pp. 2046 2055. [CrossRef] [Web of Science Times Cited 62] [SCOPUS Times Cited 84] [14] Brochure CIGRE 373/2009 - Mitigation technique of power frequency magnetic fields originated from electric power systems. [15] IEC 61786/1998 - Measurement of low-frequency magnetic and electric fields with regard to exposure of human beings - Special requirements for instruments and guidance for measurements. [16] V.V. Lednev, Possible mechanism for the influence of weak magnetic fields on biological systems", Bioelectromagnetics, 1991, 12, pp.71-75. [CrossRef] [Web of Science Times Cited 421] [SCOPUS Times Cited 515] [17] C.A.L. Bassett, R.J. Pawluk, A.A. Pilla, ,,Acceleration of fracture repair by electromagnetic fields", Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 238, 1974, pp.242-262. [CrossRef] [SCOPUS Times Cited 232] [18] T. Tynes, L. Klaeboe, T. Haldorsen, Residential and occupational exposure to 50 Hz magnetic fields and malignant melanoma: a population based study", BMJ, 2003, pp. 343-347. [19] ICNIRP - Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields (up to 300 GHz)", 1998, Health Physics 74 (4), pp. 494-522. [20] K. Hansson Mild, B. Greenebaum, "Environmental and occupationally encountered electromagnetic fields, Handbook of biological effects of electromagnetic fields. 3rd ed.", vol. 1: Bioengineering and biophysical aspects of electromagnetic fields). Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press; 2007, pp. 1-34. [21] "Threshold limit values and biological exposure indices", American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienist (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, USA, 2008. [22] J. Karpowicz, K. Gryz, "Health risk assessment of occupational exposure to a magnetic field from magnetic resonance imaging devices", International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics SE, 2006, 12(2), pp. 155-167. [23] "Framework for developing health-based EMF standards", World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland, 2006. [24] R. Baan, B. Lauby-Secretan, F. El Ghissassi et al., on behalf of the WHO International Agency for Research on Cancer Monograph Working Group, "Carcinogenicity of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields", Lancet Oncology, 2011, 12, pp. 624-626. [CrossRef] [Web of Science Times Cited 423] [SCOPUS Times Cited 503] [25] J. Juutilainen, I. Lagroye, J. Miyakoshi, E. van Rongen, R. Saunders, R. de Seze, T. Tenforde, L. Verschaeve, B. Veyret, Z. Xu, "Experimental studies on carcinogenicity of radiofrequency radiation", Crit. Rev. in Environ. Sci. Technol., 41, 2011, pp. 1664-1695. [CrossRef] [Web of Science Times Cited 14] [SCOPUS Times Cited 17] [26] E. van Rongen, R. Saunders, R. Croft, J. Juutilainen, I. Lagroye, J. Miyakoshi, R. de Seze, T. Tenforde, L. Verschaeve, B. Veyret, Z. Xu, "Effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on the human nervous system", J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B Crit. Rev. 12, 2009, pp. 572-597. [CrossRef] [Web of Science Times Cited 68] [SCOPUS Times Cited 75] [27] L. Verschaeve, J. Juutilainen, I. Lagroye, J. Miyakoshi, E. van Rongen, R. Saunders, R. de Seze, T. Tenforde, B. Veyret, Z. Xu, "In vitro and in vivo genotoxicity of radiofrequency fields", Mutation Res., 2010, 705, pp. 252-268. [CrossRef] [Web of Science Times Cited 78] [SCOPUS Times Cited 105] [28] C. Popa, R. Pentiuc, "Analysis of a new induction thermal convertor for heating", Energy Elsevier, ISSN 0360-5442, Impact factor 3,653, doi: 101016-j.energy.2011.07.046, Received 6 January 2011, Accepted 25 July 2011, Available online 1 September 2011. [CrossRef] [Web of Science Times Cited 13] [SCOPUS Times Cited 13] [29] L. Hillert, N. Berglind, B. B. Arnetz, T. Bellander, "Prevalence of self-reported hypersensitivity to electric or magnetic fields in a population-based questionnaire survey". Scand J Work Environ Health 28 (1), pp. 33-41, February 2002. [30] S. Eltiti, D. Wallace, K. Zougkou, et al., "Development and evaluation of the electromagnetic hypersensitivity questionnaire". Bioelectromagnetics 28 (2), pp. 137-151, February 2007. [31] R. James, R. Nieto-Hernandez, S. Wessely, "Idiopathic Environmental Intolerance Attributed to Electromagnetic Fields". Bioelectromagnetics 31 (1), pp. 1-11, January 2010. [32] R. Pentiuc, G. Baluta, C. Popa, G. Mahalu, "Calculation of Reactances for Ring Windings to Toroidal Inductors of Hybrid Induction Machine," Advances in Electrical and Computer Engineering, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 70-74, 2009, [CrossRef] [Full Text] [Web of Science Times Cited 7] [SCOPUS Times Cited 7] [33] B. Hocking, "A physician's approach to EMF sensitive patients", Proceedings of International Workshop on EMF Hypersensitivity, Prague, Czech Republic, Oct. 25-27, 2004. Web of Science® Citations for all references: 1,163 TCR SCOPUS® Citations for all references: 1,660 TCR Web of Science® Average Citations per reference: 34 ACR SCOPUS® Average Citations per reference: 49 ACR TCR = Total Citations for References / ACR = Average Citations per Reference We introduced in 2010 - for the first time in scientific publishing, the term "References Weight", as a quantitative indication of the quality ... Read more Citations for references updated on 2024-12-16 01:48 in 97 seconds. Note1: Web of Science® is a registered trademark of Clarivate Analytics. Note2: SCOPUS® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. Disclaimer: All queries to the respective databases were made by using the DOI record of every reference (where available). Due to technical problems beyond our control, the information is not always accurate. Please use the CrossRef link to visit the respective publisher site. |
Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Romania
All rights reserved: Advances in Electrical and Computer Engineering is a registered trademark of the Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, photocopied, recorded or archived, without the written permission from the Editor. When authors submit their papers for publication, they agree that the copyright for their article be transferred to the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Romania, if and only if the articles are accepted for publication. The copyright covers the exclusive rights to reproduce and distribute the article, including reprints and translations.
Permission for other use: The copyright owner's consent does not extend to copying for general distribution, for promotion, for creating new works, or for resale. Specific written permission must be obtained from the Editor for such copying. Direct linking to files hosted on this website is strictly prohibited.
Disclaimer: Whilst every effort is made by the publishers and editorial board to see that no inaccurate or misleading data, opinions or statements appear in this journal, they wish to make it clear that all information and opinions formulated in the articles, as well as linguistic accuracy, are the sole responsibility of the author.